If you’ve been paying attention to the weather, you know that part of the country is in for extreme heat in the coming days. It likely won’t be the last time this summer! And while sweltering heat is uncomfortable for everyone, it poses some specific dangers for pediatric cancer patients, particularly those undergoing treatment.

So, how do we keep these kids cool? Once we understand the risks, we can better defend kids with cancer from the scorching heat.

Here’s what you need to know.

How to Handle 6 Summer Sun Risks for Cancer Patients

Risk #1 – Dehydration

Chemotherapy, radiation, and some medications can make patients more prone to fluid loss. Frequent nausea can also impact fluid intake and retention. When you add extreme heat, that’s a recipe for dehydration!

Dizziness, dry mouth, dark urine, and fatigue are all common symptoms of dehydration. But really, you don’t want it to get to that point. By the time you feel these symptoms, you’re already dehydrated. 

Encourage your child to drink water or electrolyte drinks frequently—even before they feel thirsty. Bring a water bottle wherever you go (insulated stainless steel is best for keeping drinks ice cold), and stock up on replenishing drinks like Pedialyte and Gatorade. Encourage fluids before, during, and after your time outdoors.

Risk #2 – Sensitivity to Sunlight

Certain cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, and some targeted therapies, can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays. This is called photosensitivity. That sensitivity means a higher risk of sunburn, rashes, or changes in pigmentation. Not only is UV ray exposure its own cancer risk, but it can make kids extremely uncomfortable and add to care challenges.

Use SPF 30+ sunscreen, wear wide-brimmed hats and UV-protective clothing, and stay in shaded areas during peak sun hours (from 10 am to 4 pm). 

If you’re concerned about the chemical content of sunscreen, opt for a mineral-based sunscreen. It relies on zinc oxide or titanium dioxide to reflect the sun’s rays rather than absorbing them. 

Mineral sunscreens work immediately, are better for the environment, and are more suitable for sensitive skin!

Risk #3 – Fatigue Can Worsen

Fatigue is common among cancer patients. The disease and its treatments can take a toll. Heat adds additional physical strain, exacerbating exhaustion. Rest often in cool, shaded areas. Avoid outdoor activities during peak heat and schedule appointments or errands for the early morning. You may want to adopt a routine that includes an afternoon “siesta” to avoid the heat and help your child get some extra rest!

Risk #4 – Impact on Medication and Treatment

Extreme heat doesn’t just impact the body. Some medications must be stored at specific temperatures, and exposure to heat can compromise their effectiveness.

For example, oral chemotherapy drugs or refrigerated injections may degrade if left in a hot car or exposed to high temperatures. Always check storage instructions, pack medications in insulated, cool containers for transport, and refrigerate ASAP!

Risk #5 – Swelling and Circulation Issues

Heat can cause or worsen swelling (edema), especially in patients who’ve had lymph nodes removed. Radiation and chemo already increase the risk of swelling, as do steroid medications. 

Edema can cause breathing problems, pain, limited mobility, risk of infection, and body image issues. If you notice swelling in your child, elevate the affected limb, wear compression garments if prescribed, and avoid prolonged standing in hot weather.

Risk #6 – Immune System Stress

Finally, extreme temperatures can exacerbate the strain on an already compromised immune system, especially for children with low white blood cell counts (neutropenia). The body must work hard to battle extreme temperatures, and those resources are better spent fortifying the immune system!

Stay in air-conditioned spaces during heatwaves, avoid crowded public places where infections might spread, and monitor for fever or signs of infection.

When to Seek Help

Call a doctor or seek medical attention if you notice:

• Persistent fever over 100.4°F (38°C)
• Confusion or disorientation
• Severe fatigue or dizziness
• Signs of heatstroke (hot, dry skin/no sweat, rapid pulse, nausea). Heatstroke is a medical emergency!

If you notice signs of heat exhaustion, work to cool your child down ASAP. Remove unnecessary clothing, apply cool rags, and encourage sips of cool (but not ice-cold) water. If things don’t improve within 30 minutes, it’s time to call in the medical professionals.

Remember, heat can be dangerous—even deadly. Take every precaution to ensure your child stays cool, hydrated, and safe this summer!